Behaviorists shared the view that the subject matter of psychology should be operationalized with standardized procedures which led psychology to focus on behavior, not the mind or consciousness. Skinner, behaviorism was grounded in studies of animal behavior. Watson and embraced and extended by Edward Thorndike, Clark L. Partly in reaction to the subjective and introspective nature of Freudian psychodynamics, and its focus on the recollection of childhood experiences, during the early decades of the twentieth century, Behaviorism gained popularity as a guiding psychological theory. This separation of two great figures impacted not only their own research and theoretical development, but also affected the development of psychology, leading to divergent schools regarding the conception of the human mind that remain separate to this day. The Swiss founder of analytical psychology, Carl Jung, whom Freud at one time had hoped would carry "Freudianism" into the future, separated from him when Jung's commitment to religion and mysticism, as evidenced in the significant role of the collective unconscious, conflicted with Freud's atheism and commitment to science and the use of mechanical systems to explain human nature. His work led to much controversy, even his own former colleagues rejecting some of his ideas. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly discussed in polite society. Freud's theories became very well-known, largely because they tackled subjects such as sexuality, repression, and the unconscious mind as general aspects of psychological development. Freud's understanding of the mind was largely based on interpretive methods, introspection and clinical observations, and was focused in particular on resolving unconscious conflict, mental distress, and psychopathology. Meanwhile, during the 1890s, the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud developed a method of psychotherapy known as psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud, founder of Psychoanalysis. Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in criminal justice and other aspects of law. Others do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings. Many psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also applied to understanding and solving problems in many different spheres of human activity. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including issues related to daily life-such as family, education, and work-and the treatment of mental health problems. Psychology includes many sub-fields of study concerned with such areas as human development, sports, health, industry, law, and spirituality. It attempts to understand the role human behavior plays in social dynamics while incorporating physiological and neurological processes into its conceptions of mental functioning. Psychology is generally classified within the social sciences, although, since it overlaps with the natural sciences it is also considered one of the behavioral sciences-a broad field that spans the social and natural sciences. Some, especially depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind and the spiritual nature of human beings. To do this, they study such phenomena as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain functions and behaviors. Psychology (from Greek, literally "study of the soul," from ψυχή, psyche, "breath, spirit, soul," and -λογία - logia, "study of" or "research") is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mind and behavior.
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